A person could be sentenced to death for stealing a loaf of bread. Australia's landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi) is on the Indo-Australian Plate. Julia Gillard became the first woman Prime Minister of Australia in 2010 when she replaced her colleague Kevin Rudd of the Labor Party. Most Indigenous Australian tribal groups subsisted on a simple hunter-gatherer diet of native fauna and flora, otherwise called bush tucker. He made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, mapping many areas and recording several islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time. Aboriginal people did not usually build houses, except huts of grass, leaves and bark. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. In 1840, the city councils started and some people could vote. Minivan or SUV? In the 1970s, 80s and 90s lots of Australian movies, actors and singers became famous around the world. This meant that a lot of grass grew back, but not many big trees. Information for kids K - 6 about the First Nations peoples who were the first Australians, and the first Europeans to arrive in Australia. There were 8 children in the family and Cook was the second one. When the war ended, Australia felt that it needed many more people to fill the country up and to work. The first institution of higher education in North Queensland, Australia was named after him, with James Cook University opening in Townsville in 1970. He had 3 sisters and 2 brothers. To the south of these and inland, lie more areas of grassland: the Ord Victoria Plain and the Western Australian Mulga shrublands. He then sailed through Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, again becoming only the second European to do so (the first being Luis Vaez de Torres, in 1604). This or That Clothing Questions for Kids. Australia is known for its mining (coal, iron, gold, diamonds and crystals), its production of wool, and as the world's largest producer of bauxite. Multicultural immigration transformed Australian cuisine; post-World War II European migrants, particularly from the Mediterranean, helped to build a thriving Australian coffee culture, and the influence of Asian cultures has led to Australian variants of their staple foods, such as the Chinese-inspired dim sim and Chiko Roll. In the Antarctic fog, Cook and Furneaux were separated. Apart from Macquarie Island, Australia lies between latitudes 9° and 44°S, and longitudes 112° and 154°E. The first governments in the colonies were run by governors chosen by London. Oceania is the smallest continent of our planet considering the landmass. About this quiz: All the questions on this quiz are based on information that can be found at Biography - Captain James Cook. He crossed the Antarctic Circle and found new islands and landscapes in North America and the South Pacific. These include the western plains of New South Wales, and the Einasleigh Uplands, Barkly Tableland, and Mulga Lands of inland Queensland. The Australian Aboriginal people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago or even earlier. 23.5% Australians over the age of 15 regularly take part in organised sporting activities. They were to make a new colony at the place that Captain Cook had discovered, named Botany Bay because of all the unknown plants found there by the two scientists. Visit top-rated & … They believed that they had grown from the land, so it was like their mother, and they belonged to the land. The country is divided up into six states and two territories, and more than half of Australia's population lives in and around the cities of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. Eventually, this voyage led to the first European settlement in Sydney. Sometimes, Aborigines would name a person after an animal, and they could not eat that animal to help level out the food population. In the United States, two living Turkeys are presented to the President on Thanksgiving day. Each state and territory has its own Parliament and makes its own local laws. Then Malcolm Fraser won a few elections for the Liberal Party. Cook would travel to the Pacific and hopefully travel east to the Atlantic, while a simultaneous voyage would travel the opposite way. Cook took the King by his own hand and led him willingly away. They voted to join together to form one new country, called the Commonwealth of Australia, in 1901. 1826 - The U.S. and Hawaii enter into a treaty of friendship. All the plants were different so no-one knew which ones could be eaten. Grandma or nana? This would later cause a terrible problem for the Aboriginal people. James Cook was born on 27 October 1728 in a small village near Middlesbrough in Yorkshire. James Cook, portrait by Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland, to find new routes between the Pacific and the. Australia's largest export markets are Japan, China, the US, South Korea, and New Zealand. James Cook charted many areas and recorded several islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time. In the 1960s many people began coming to Australia from China, Vietnam, Malaysia and other countries in Asia. Besides Antarctica, Australia is the only continent that developed without feline species. The population grew across south east Australia and made great wealth and industry. If you want to know more about Captain Hook, you have to check the other facts about Captain Hook below: Facts about Captain Hook 1: the fears. Sails. He poured out his feelings in a vehement statement that amounted to a scathing indictment of navy shipyards in general--shoddy workmanship, poor materials, corrupt practices. Whitlam made changes, but he made the Senate unhappy and the Governor-General sacked him and forced an election in 1975. Cook, covered, on low until chicken is no longer pink, 3-1/2 - 4 hours. Until the Second World War, the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the British Isles, and a majority of Australians have some British or Irish ancestry. About 88% of US citizens cook turkey as the main dish for their Thanksgiving feast. Upon his return, he was given an honorary retirement from the Royal Navy, but he could not be kept away from the sea. Find out more about the journeys of famous explorers and improve your knowledge with DK Find Out. 1819 - Whalers begun hunting off the shores of the islands. Australia is the sixth biggest country in the world by land area, and is part of the Oceanic and Australasian regions. British naval captain James Cook and his crew were the first people to enter the Antarctic circle. Every year the government chooses a big number of new people from all around the world to come as immigrants to live in Australia. Many of the explorers did not prepare very well, or else they went out to explore at the hottest time of year. Cook's second expedition included William Hodges, who produced notable landscape paintings of Tahiti, Easter Island, and other locations. Captain Cook named that bit of land Point Hicks. Australia is a wealthy country; it generates its income from various sources including mining-related exports, telecommunications, banking and manufacturing. The Henty brothers had come from Tasmania, had built themselves a house, had a successful farm and fed the Major and his men on roast lamb and wine. There was also a hospital and a convict barracks and a beautiful church which are still standing today. But voices were getting louder for all of them to come together as one country with a national parliament. Captain Phillip found that Botany Bay was flat and windy. In Australia at this time, the trade unions were very strong, and they started a political party, the Australian Labor Party. As a teenager he developed a fascination for the sea [teaching himself map making], and travelled to Whitby to find employment on the coal ships there. Trust me your family will love this. By the 1820s there was a fine brick house for the Governor. Captain James Cook, FRS (27 October 1728 – 14 February 1779) was an English explorer, navigator and cartographer. For Kids James Cook is credited with exploring the South Pacific, and the coastline of Australia and New Zealand. Shared bedroom or own bedroom? After the war, Australia became a close friend of the United States. They collected and recorded numerous plants and animals throughout their journey. The US space shuttle Endeavour is named after Cook… Its name was later changed to honour the man who discovered it. The 32-year-old playmaker holds the record for most caps for the national team with 126 since making her debut in 2007. This page was last modified on 26 January 2021, at 18:53. New South Wales Legislative Council had its first elections in 1843, again with some limits on who could vote. Australia has six states, two major mainland territories, and other minor territories. Sidney Nolan's Snake mural (1970), held at the Museum of Old and New Art in Hobart, Tasmania, is inspired by the Aboriginal creation myth of the Rainbow Serpent, as well as desert flowers in bloom after a drought. The Parliament of Australia sits in Canberra and makes laws for the whole country, also known as the Commonwealth or Federation. Facts about Captain James Cook 9: parents Cook’s mother was Grace Pace, while his father was James Cook. Its emblem is a flower called the Golden Wattle. Australia passed many laws to help the workers. Aunts or uncles? On his last voyage, Cook once again commanded HMS Resolution, while Captain Charles Clerke commanded HMS Discovery. Tasmania's Port Arthur penal settlement is one of eleven UNESCO World Heritage-listed Australian Convict Sites. The states are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. Vegemite is a dark brown spread invented by Dr. Cyril P. Callister, a chemist. Australia has a lot of trees that have very hard wood that was good for spear making. For the first few years of the settlement, things were very difficult. In 2016, more than a quarter (26%) of Australia's population were born overseas; the five largest immigrant groups were those born in England (3.9%), New Zealand (2.2%), Mainland China (2.2%), India (1.9%), and the Philippines (1%). For school and homeschooling projects or just reading for interest. He then explored the South Pacific for the mythical continent of Terra Australis, with the help a Tahitian named Tupaia who had extensive knowledge of Pacific geography. The Endeavour was a robust ship that could survive the fiercest storms and sail well in most types of weather. Minted for the 150th anniversary of his discovery of the islands, its low mintage (10,008) has made this example of Early United States commemorative coins both scarce and expensive. Cook's utter disgust with the condition of the ships, especially the sails and rigging, intensified. Sighted in 1642 by the Dutch navigator Abel Tasman, it was known as Aoraki (also spelled Aorangi; from the Maori for “cloud piercer”) before being renamed for Captain James Cook (1851). Cook some traditional Australian recipes, like chocolate crackles, Anzac biscuits and zucchini slice. In the year 2000, Sydney had the Summer Olympics. and BAM! They sailed up the coast and Captain Cook named the land that he saw "New South Wales". Cook was born in Marton in Yorkshire, but as a child moved with his family to Great Ayton. The Aboriginal people did not think that the land belonged to them. The first time anyone laid eyes on Antarctica was in 1820, when several expeditions set out to the continent. The Indigenous population—Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders—was counted at 649,171 (2.8% of the total population) in 2016. The two collected over 3,000 plant species. Yard or rooftop deck? Kids History Quiz Learn fun facts about some of the world's greatest explorers, inventors, scientists, major empires including the Romans, Anglo Saxons, the Vikings, and important historical dates and events, battles and wars such as World War One and World War Two. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 27 October] 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages in the Pacific and Australia in particular. The tragic fate of his expedition is still remembered throughout the world. Its capital city is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. The coastal uplands and a belt of Brigalow grasslands lie between the coast and the mountains, while inland of the dividing range are large areas of grassland. Now Australia has hundreds of smaller community-based festivals, and national and regional festivals that focus on specific art forms. This site uses cookies and by continuing to browse it you are agreeing to our use of cookies. In 2013 according to world bank Australia had just over 23.13 million people. Spanish Merino sheep had been brought to Sydney, and by 1820, farmers were raising fat lambs for meat and also sending fine wool back to the factories of England. He travelled all the way to what is now western Victoria, and to his surprise and annoyance found that he was not the first white person there. The Australian Museum acquired its Cook Collection in 1894 from the Government of New South Wales. Major Australian subgroups such as the Bogan have been shown on Australian TV in shows such as Bogan Hunters and Kath & Kim. Later they also came from countries like Turkey and Lebanon. Grandpa or papa? Sport is an important part of Australian culture because the climate is good for outdoor activities. About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than 45% of birds, and 89% of in-shore, temperate-zone fish are endemic. They came especially from Italy and Greece, other countries in Europe. Despite Cook's evidence to the contrary from the first voyage, Alexander Dalrymple refused to believe a massive southern continent did not exist. In 1819, for the first time land was sighted south of 60 degrees South latitude. In his first appearance in "Clum Babies", Steve is referred to as "Ling-Ling's lame friend Steve"; however, when he reappeared in "Mexican't Buy Me Love", he is considered one of the Cool Kids despite the fact his personality is essentially the same. His ship on this voyage, HM Bark Endeavour, gave the name to the Space Shuttle Endeavour. He, however, crossed the Antarctic circle and reached as far as 71 degrees South latitude in 1773. The name is not strictly accurate, because parts of the range consist of low hills, and the highlands are typically no more than 1,600 metres (5,249 ft) in height. But usually they were just thrown in gaol. Even taller are Mawson Peak (at 2,745 metres or 9,006 feet), on the remote Australian territory of Heard Island, and, in the Australian Antarctic Territory, Mount McClintock and Mount Menzies, at 3,492 metres (11,457 ft) and 3,355 metres (11,007 ft) respectively. Australia had a bad recession in 1991, but when other Western countries had trouble with their economies in 2008, Australia stayed strong. Australia has 34,218 kilometres (21,262 mi) of coastline (excluding all offshore islands), and claims an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,060 sq mi). The Hawaiians carried his body away towards the back of the town, still visible to the ship through their spyglass. They were free from British rule and would not take England's convicts any more, so England needed to find a new and less populated place. For women, they are ANZ Netball Championships, W-League and WNBL. Australian wine is produced mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country. By 2050, Australia's population is currently projected to reach around 42 million. In the 1950s and 1960s Australia became one of the richest countries in the world, helped by mining and wool. James Cook arrived back in England in July 1775. The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. Their names were Mary Cook , Margaret Cook, William Cook , Jane Cook and John Cook. In 1973, Patrick White won the Nobel Prize in Literature, the only Australian to have achieved this; he is seen as one of the great English-language writers of the twentieth century. In the 1970s and 1980s lots of big Australian movies and movie stars became world famous with movies like Picnic at Hanging Rock, Gallipoli (with Mel Gibson), The Man From Snowy River and Crocodile Dundee. These Australians form an ethnic group known as Anglo-Celtic Australians. Australian music has had lots of world-wide stars, for example the opera singers Nellie Melba and Joan Sutherland, the rock and roll bands Bee Gees, AC/DC and INXS, the folk-rocker Paul Kelly (musician), the pop singer Kylie Minogue and Australian country music stars Slim Dusty and John Williamson. The voyage of discovery was very successful, because they found New Zealand and sailed right around it. The people in Australia wanted to run their own country, and not be told what to do from London. Cook's journal recorded the date of the goat's death: 28 March 1772. Our Oceania Facts for Kids shall provide lots of interesting and fun facts on the continent. The site of Cook's first landing, at Kurnell on Botany Bay, was intended to be the site of the first British colony in Australia, but when Captain Arthur Phillip arrived with the First Fleet in 1788, he felt that Botany Bay was unsuitable, and sailed a short distance northwards to Port Jackson, for the establishment of Sydney. 25 million people live in Australia, and about 85% of them live near the east coast. This land, although in Hawaii, was deeded to the United Kingdom. First climbed in 1894, the mountain is the central feature of Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, 210 miles (338 km) southwest of Christchurch. He received a promotion, from King George III, to Post-Captain. The northernmost point of the east coast is the tropical-rainforested Cape York Peninsula. Another accomplishment of the second voyage was the successful testing of John Harrison's timekeeping instruments, which at last facilitated accurate measurement of longitude. Learn James Cook facts for kids. 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