This was the period when the Madras Presidency was established with Madras as the capital. Chennai, originally known as "Madras", was located in the province of Tondaimandalam, an area lying between Penna River of Nellore and the Ponnaiyar river of Cuddalore. Instead, being the gateway of trade and the centre of the economy of the region, the English settlement and their fort of 1639–40, which was the basis for the presently named city of Chennai, was likely called Madras as well by the rest of India. The crew of a merchant ship also destroyed by the Germans that night. Similar to the versions of the origin of the name Madras, there are various such versions related to the origin of the name Chennai as well. The region was often called by different names as madrapupatnam, madras kuppam, madraspatnam, and madirazpatnam as adopted by locals. History of Chennai (Madras), experience the modern and ancient historic past events, people and governments of Chennai (Madras) - Lonely Planet Lonely Planet Travel Guides and Travel Information Hi there, we use cookies to improve your experience on our website. The British regained control in 1749 through the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. They then strengthened and expanded Fort St George over the next thirty years to bear subsequent attacks, the strongest of which came from the French (1759, under Thomas Arthur, Comte de Lally), and later Hyder Ali, the Sultan of Mysore in 1767 during the First Anglo-Mysore War. Therefore, from 1965 to 1967, the city saw agitations against this two language (Hindi and local language) policy, and witnessed sporadic rioting. Earlier, Panagal Raja, Chief Minister of Madras Presidency in the early 1920s had suggested that the Cooum River be the boundary between the Tamil and Telugu administrative areas. Instead, it is likely that Fort was built either close to the village or if it was built upon the village, the village was relocated. The city as we know it today started as an English settlement in … Therefore, because of the fort's proximity or origin to the village of Mandraspatnam, and the fort's centrality to the development of the city, the British settlers of the city later named their settlement Madras in honour of it. Francis Day wrote to his headquarters at Masulipatam for permission to inspect the proposed site at Madraspatnam and to examine the possibilities of trade there. (ii) Tamil nationalist periodical Swadesamitran was started in 1891. As a result, the Hindus and Muslims cooperated closely during the movement in Tamil Nadu. On 20 August 1639, Francis Day of the East India Company along with Damerla Venkatadri Nayakadu traveled to Chandragiri palace to meet the Vijayanagara King Peda Venkata Raya and to obtain a grant for a small strip of land in the Coromandel Coast from in Chandragiri as a place to build a factory and warehouse for their trading activities. However, there are city records of their existence long afterward, and it has been suggested that the present government may still hold them. (iv) V.S. Rajaji worked closely with Yakub Hasan, the founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League. It was considered as a part of the empire of the King of Chandragiri, the period when the British arrived in 1639 A.D. Further; it was named as Chennapattanam by the British when they acquired it from Chennappa Nayaka, the leader of Vijayanagar. Population of Telugu's and Tamils were more or less the same in those days, however dynamics of Madras city was changed post independence rapidly. Always a tiny minority in comparison with the vast Indian population of the hinterlands, despite slow growth in natural birthrate and continued settlement, the British and European populations were made an ever-decreasing share of their city's populations. Thiruvanmiyur, Thiruvotriyur, and Thirumayilai are mentioned in the Thevarams of the Moovar (of the Nayanmars) while Thiruvallikeni in the Nalayira Divya Prabhandhams (of the Alwars). In turn, the Madras Stock Exchange was established in 1920. At that time the Coromandel Coast was ruled by Peda Venkata Raya, from the Aravidu Dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire based out of Chandragiri-Vellore. He had his headquarters at Wandiwash, and his brother Ayyappa Nayakudu resided at Poonamallee, a few miles to the west of Madras, where he looked after the affairs of the coast. Spencer's started as a small business in 1864 and went on to become the biggest department stores in Asia at the time. Following the British victory in the Seven Years' War they eventually dominated, driving the French, the Dutch and the Danes away entirely, and reducing the French dominions in India to four tiny coastal enclaves. However, it is widely recorded that while the official center of the present settlement was designated Fort St. George, the British applied the name Madras to a new large city which had grown up around the Fort including the "White Town" consisting principally of British settlers, and "Black Town" consisting of principally Catholic Europeans and allied Indian minorities. Although most of the original Portuguese, Dutch, and British population had been killed during genocides during the Golkonda period, under Moghul protection, large numbers of British and Anglo-American settlers arrived to replenish these losses. The demands for the immediate creation of a Telugu-speaking state were met with after Tirupati was included in Andhra State and after the leaders who led the movement were convinced to give up their claim on Madras. The lawyer V. Krishnaswamy Iyer made a name for himself representing claimants, mostly wealthy Hindus and Muslims who had lent money on the failed bank. Dhanu is widely believed to have been an LTTE member. Despite lacking their original numbers and control, the original British community remnants, along with other minorities as well as the long history of British culture, keeps Madras a slightly cosmopolitan city. History Of Tamil Nadu. This was also surrounded by a wall. Chennai has also become a major centre for outsourced IT and financial services from the Western world. The modern city of "Chennai" arose from the British settlement of Fort St. George and its subsequent expansion through merging numerous native villages and European settlements around Fort St. George into the city of Madras. Madras was the capital of the Madras Presidency and thus became home to important commercial organisations. These magnum opuses looked at 100 years of the Tamil novel (1977) and the history and development of the Tamil short story (1989). In 1788, Thomas Parry arrived in Madras as a free merchant and he set up one of the oldest mercantile companies in the city and one of the oldest in the country (EID Parry). Thiruvotriyur is a historically important port city, now forms part of north Chennai. The city has changed its boundaries as well as the geographic limits of its quarters several times, principally as a result of raids by surrounding Hindu and Muslim powers. 1 Loction 2 Earlier 3 Population 4 Well known for It is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The Raja, Venkatapathy Rayulu, was succeeded by his nephew Sri Rangarayulu in 1642, and Sir Francis Day was succeeded by Thomas Ivy. In February 1640, Day and Cogan, accompanied by a few factors and writers, a garrison of about twenty-five European soldiers and a few other European artificers, besides a Hindu powder-maker named Naga Battan, proceeded to the land which had been granted and started a new English factory there. The Pallavas were defeated by the Cholas under Aditya I by about 879 and the region was brought under the Chola rule. Madraspatnam seemed favorable during the inspection, and the calicoes woven there were much cheaper than those at Armagon (Durgarazpatam). Known as the “Gateway to South India,” Chennai is a major administrative and cultural centre. CC BY-SA 2.0. Thus it is improbable that the area was ever called Chennai. 3:27 . However, from 1960s, the Central government started gearing up the use of Hindi in business and government. History of Archdiocese. This site is owned and managed by WN Network. To further consolidate their position, the Company combined the various settlements around an expanded Fort St. George, which including its citadel also included a larger outside area surrounded by an additional wall. They began construction of the Fort St George on 23 April 1640 and houses for their residence. Thereafter in a nod to the declining fortunes of the British textile owners and skilled workers who were still extant in the city, the Madras Trades Association was established in 1856, by which the old colonial families still involved in the skilled and textile trades were granted entry into the British and Indian financial trade system. The region of Tamil Nadu (now one of the states in the south of the Republic of India) has been under continuous human habitation since prehistoric times. vayiratharayan of Virukanbakkam alias Chenninallur. In 1674, the expanded colony had nearly 50,000 mostly British and European colonists and was granted its own corporate charter, thereby officially establishing the modern day city. On 22 August 1639, Francis Day secured the Grant by the Damarla Venkatadri Nayakadu, Nayaka of Wandiwash, giving over to the East India Company a three-mile-long strip of land, a fishing village called Madraspatnam, copies of which were endorsed by Andrew Cogan, the Chief of the Masulipatam Factory, and are even now preserved. When this was accomplished with the Independence of India in 1947, they were quickly brushed aside by the Indian population. Although the British had lost most of their well-populated, industrious, and wealthy North American colonies, after a decade's feud with the French, they were securely in control of Madras and most of the Indian trade. In 1693, a perwanna was received from the local Nawab granting the towns of Tondiarpet, Purasawalkam and Egmore to the company which continued to rule from Fort St. George. My Thoughts on Life, Travels and Culture. However, by the early 20th century they had become a small minority in their own city. Karuthiraman said, “Madras is a name in world history; Tamil Nadu will take time to reach the same heights”. Madras witnessed further political violence due to the civil war in Sri Lanka, with 33 people killed by a bomb planted by the Tamil Eelam Army at the airport in 1984, and assassination of thirteen members of the EPRLF and two Indian civilians by the rival LTTE in 1991. Madras to Chennai | 1900 - 2018 | Road to Chennai | Exclusive Transformation of Chennai - Duration: 3:27. Chennai, originally known as "Madras", was located in the province of Tondaimandalam, an area lying between Penna River of Nellore and the Ponnaiyar river of Cuddalore. Controversially, in an attempt to revise history and justify renaming the city as Chennai, the ruling party has purged the history of the early English Madras settlements. The History of Tamil Nadu … In the Tamil language, the … Eventually, after additional provocations from Golkonda, the British pushed back until they defeated him. [11] The dispute arose as over the preceding hundred years, the early British, European workers and small cottage capitalists had been replaced in large part by both Tamil and Telugu speaking people. (Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India) Formerly known as Madras, the modern city of Chennai has a long history as a settled area, beginning more than 1,000 years ago. After India became independent in 1947, the city became the administrative and legislative capital of Madras State which was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1968. Tamil Nadu Elevation – 6m (20ft)Coordinates:13.08389°N 80.27000°E Connectivity Map Chennai boasts of a long history from the English East India Company, through the British rule to its evolution in the late 20th century as a services and manufacturing hub for India. The English translation of the motto of the University of Madras is: "Learning promotes (one's) natural (innate) talent." The name Madras was Derived from Madrasan a fisherman head who lived in coastal area of Madras. During 16th and 18th century, Madras was ruled by Portuguese and Frenchmen. Collectively, the original Fort St. George settlement, "White Town", and "Black Town" were called Madras. May 21, 2019 - 525 Likes, 7 Comments - Brown History (@brownhistory) on Instagram: “Portrait of a seated girl wearing Jewellery, from Madras in Tamil Nadu - 1872” 1st century CE was ruled under the Cholas. Although the original inhabitants of Madras and responsible for its growth into the modern metropolis of today, the British and European nationals are virtually non-existent. [14], Chennai's earlier name of Madras is similarly mired in controversy. The crisis also imperiled Parry & Co and Binny & Co, but both found rescuers. This new grant laid the foundation for the expansion of Madras into its present form. The Pandyas under Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan rose to power and the region was brought under the Pandya rule by putting an end to Chola supremacy in 1264. In the latter half of the 18th century, Madras became an important British naval base, and the administrative centre of the growing British dominions in southern India. Because of its importance to the East India Company, the French plundered and destroyed the village of Chepauk and Blacktown, the locality across from the port where all the dockyard labourers used to live.[8]. Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is India's fifth largest city. Francis Day, one of the officers of the company, who was then a Member of the Masulipatam Council and the Chief of the Armagon Factory, made a voyage of exploration in 1637 down the coast as far as Pondicherry with a view to choosing a site for a new settlement. 879 and the Diocese of Mylapore was amalgamated and established as the state of is. C Rajagopalachari and E V Ramaswamy demanded conduct of civil services examinations only in India back to early. 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